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high effort, low reward

You and Your Career

The unexamined life is not worth living

- Socrates (probably)

If you’ve not listened to You and Your Research by Richard Hamming, I highly recommend it—you can also read the transcript here. Hamming’s talk emphasises the importance of examining your career and the choices you make. Whilst the talk specifically speaks about research, it’s fairly easy to draw parallels to software engineering—you only have one life, so why not do significant work?

Hamming doesn’t define significant work, nor will I—it’s deeply personal and varies for each individual. Instead, he outlines traits he’s seen in others that have accomplished significant work.

  1. Doing significant work often involves an element of luck, but as Hamming puts it, ‘luck favours the prepared mind’. Being in the right place at the right time will only matter if you have the knowledge or skills to execute. Creating opportunities is important but wasted if you aren’t ready to perform. Conversely, having the ability to perform but no opportunities can feel just as futile. The key lies in striking a balance—cultivating both readiness and the conditions where luck can find you.
  2. Knowledge and productivity are like compound interest—consistent effort applied over time leads to exponential growth. In a field as vast as software, even a surface-level awareness of an idea can prove valuable when the time comes to use it, while deeper understanding builds expertise. Mastering the fundamentals is crucial; they are learned once and applied repeatedly in various contexts.
  3. Maintain enough self-belief to persist, but enough self-awareness to recognise and adapt to mistakes. Software is more akin to an art than a science—there are no perfect solutions, only trade-offs. Success often lies in minimising the disadvantages rather than chasing absolutes.
  4. To do important work, focus on important problems. What do you care about deeply? How can you work to address it? The answer is personal, but taking time to reflect is crucial.

These aren’t all the points Hamming raises, but some points that stuck with me; I highly recommend listening to the talk yourself so that you may draw your own conclusions.

The average career is only 80,000 hours, so spend it well.